[Libguestfs] [PATCH 2/3] v2v: Use -ip to pass input password (instead of --password-file).

Consistent with the option -op added in commit a4e181137a38f5767dd1bf05dc482959cb7283be, use -ip to pass passwords for the input side. This replaces --password-file, and like that option you have to pass a filename. This also changes the code so we pass around the filename instead of the password between functions. For ‘-it vddk’ this simplifies things: we can pass the filename through to nbdkit and we never need to read it in virt-v2v. For other input methods we eventually need to read the password from the file at some lower level place in the code. --- v2v/cmdline.ml | 21 ++++++++------------- v2v/copy_to_local.ml | 12 +++--------- v2v/input_libvirt.ml | 14 +++++++------- v2v/input_libvirt.mli | 2 +- v2v/input_libvirt_other.ml | 9 +++++---- v2v/input_libvirt_vcenter_https.ml | 11 ++++++----- v2v/input_libvirt_vddk.ml | 25 +++++++++---------------- v2v/input_libvirt_vddk.mli | 2 +- v2v/input_libvirt_xen_ssh.ml | 7 ++++--- v2v/libvirt_utils.ml | 6 ++++++ v2v/libvirt_utils.mli | 4 ++-- v2v/test-v2v-docs.sh | 2 ++ v2v/vCenter.ml | 20 +++++++++++--------- v2v/vCenter.mli | 4 ++-- v2v/virt-v2v-copy-to-local.pod | 2 +- v2v/virt-v2v.pod | 19 ++++++++++--------- 16 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-) diff --git a/v2v/cmdline.ml b/v2v/cmdline.ml index a8da63f71..5414029d5 100644 --- a/v2v/cmdline.ml +++ b/v2v/cmdline.ml @@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ let parse_cmdline () = let input_conn = ref None in let input_format = ref None in + let input_password = ref None in let input_transport = ref None in let in_place = ref false in let output_conn = ref None in @@ -66,7 +67,6 @@ let parse_cmdline () = let output_name = ref None in let output_password = ref None in let output_storage = ref None in - let password_file = ref None in let set_string_option_once optname optref arg = match !optref with @@ -198,6 +198,8 @@ let parse_cmdline () = s_"Input format (for -i disk)"; [ M"io" ], Getopt.String ("option[=value]", set_input_option), s_"Set option for input mode"; + [ M"ip" ], Getopt.String ("filename", set_string_option_once "-ip" input_password), + s_"Use password from file to connect to input hypervisor"; [ M"it" ], Getopt.String ("transport", set_string_option_once "-it" input_transport), s_"Input transport"; [ L"in-place" ], Getopt.Set in_place, @@ -226,8 +228,8 @@ let parse_cmdline () = s_"Use password from file to connect to output hypervisor"; [ M"os" ], Getopt.String ("storage", set_string_option_once "-os" output_storage), s_"Set output storage location"; - [ L"password-file" ], Getopt.String ("file", set_string_option_once "--password-file" password_file), - s_"Use password from file"; + [ L"password-file" ], Getopt.String ("filename", set_string_option_once "--password-file" input_password), + s_"Same as ‘-ip filename’"; [ L"print-source" ], Getopt.Set print_source, s_"Print source and stop"; [ L"print-target" ], Getopt.Set print_target, @@ -304,6 +306,7 @@ read the man page virt-v2v(1). let input_format = !input_format in let input_mode = !input_mode in let input_options = List.rev !input_options in + let input_password = !input_password in let input_transport = match !input_transport with | None -> None @@ -325,7 +328,6 @@ read the man page virt-v2v(1). let output_options = List.rev !output_options in let output_password = !output_password in let output_storage = !output_storage in - let password_file = !password_file in let print_source = !print_source in let print_target = !print_target in let qemu_boot = !qemu_boot in @@ -426,14 +428,6 @@ read the man page virt-v2v(1). error (f_"--in-place and --print-target cannot be used together") ); - (* Parse out the password from the password file. *) - let password = - match password_file with - | None -> None - | Some filename -> - let password = read_first_line_from_file filename in - Some password in - (* Parsing of the argument(s) depends on the input mode. *) let input = match input_mode with @@ -462,7 +456,8 @@ read the man page virt-v2v(1). | (Some (`VDDK _) as vddk) -> vddk | Some `SSH -> error (f_"only ‘-it vddk’ can be used here") in - Input_libvirt.input_libvirt password input_conn input_transport guest + Input_libvirt.input_libvirt input_password input_conn input_transport + guest | `LibvirtXML -> (* -i libvirtxml: Expecting a filename (XML file). *) diff --git a/v2v/copy_to_local.ml b/v2v/copy_to_local.ml index 8ee9145b9..c626b6368 100644 --- a/v2v/copy_to_local.ml +++ b/v2v/copy_to_local.ml @@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ let rec main () = let argspec = [ [ M"ic" ], Getopt.String ("uri", set_string_option_once "-ic" input_conn), s_"Libvirt URI"; + [ M"ip" ], Getopt.String ("file", set_string_option_once "-ip" password_file), + s_"Use password from file"; [ L"password-file" ], Getopt.String ("file", set_string_option_once "--password-file" password_file), s_"Use password from file"; ] in @@ -86,14 +88,6 @@ read the man page virt-v2v-copy-to-local(1). error (f_"the -ic parameter is required") (* at the moment *) | Some ic -> ic in - (* Parse out the password from the password file. *) - let password = - match password_file with - | None -> None - | Some filename -> - let password = read_first_line_from_file filename in - Some password in - (* Check this is a libvirt URI we can understand. *) let parsed_uri = try Xml.parse_uri input_conn @@ -131,7 +125,7 @@ read the man page virt-v2v-copy-to-local(1). (* Get the remote libvirt XML. *) message (f_"Fetching the remote libvirt XML metadata ..."); - let xml = Libvirt_utils.dumpxml ?password ~conn:input_conn guest_name in + let xml = Libvirt_utils.dumpxml ?password_file ~conn:input_conn guest_name in debug "libvirt XML from remote server:\n%s" xml; diff --git a/v2v/input_libvirt.ml b/v2v/input_libvirt.ml index 377257dc2..23ca0e281 100644 --- a/v2v/input_libvirt.ml +++ b/v2v/input_libvirt.ml @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ open Types open Utils (* Choose the right subclass based on the URI. *) -let input_libvirt password libvirt_uri input_transport guest = +let input_libvirt input_password libvirt_uri input_transport guest = match libvirt_uri with | None -> - Input_libvirt_other.input_libvirt_other password libvirt_uri guest + Input_libvirt_other.input_libvirt_other input_password libvirt_uri guest | Some orig_uri -> let { Xml.uri_server = server; uri_scheme = scheme } as parsed_uri = @@ -45,22 +45,22 @@ let input_libvirt password libvirt_uri input_transport guest = | Some _, None, _ (* No scheme? *) | Some _, Some "", _ -> - Input_libvirt_other.input_libvirt_other password libvirt_uri guest + Input_libvirt_other.input_libvirt_other input_password libvirt_uri guest (* vCenter over https. *) | Some server, Some ("esx"|"gsx"|"vpx"), None -> Input_libvirt_vcenter_https.input_libvirt_vcenter_https - password libvirt_uri parsed_uri server guest + input_password libvirt_uri parsed_uri server guest (* vCenter or ESXi using nbdkit vddk plugin *) | Some server, Some ("esx"|"gsx"|"vpx"), Some (`VDDK vddk_options) -> - Input_libvirt_vddk.input_libvirt_vddk vddk_options password + Input_libvirt_vddk.input_libvirt_vddk vddk_options input_password libvirt_uri parsed_uri guest (* Xen over SSH *) | Some server, Some "xen+ssh", _ -> Input_libvirt_xen_ssh.input_libvirt_xen_ssh - password libvirt_uri parsed_uri server guest + input_password libvirt_uri parsed_uri server guest (* Old virt-v2v also supported qemu+ssh://. However I am * deliberately not supporting this in new virt-v2v. Don't @@ -71,6 +71,6 @@ let input_libvirt password libvirt_uri input_transport guest = | Some _, Some _, _ -> warning (f_"no support for remote libvirt connections to '-ic %s'. The conversion may fail when it tries to read the source disks.") orig_uri; - Input_libvirt_other.input_libvirt_other password libvirt_uri guest + Input_libvirt_other.input_libvirt_other input_password libvirt_uri guest let () = Modules_list.register_input_module "libvirt" diff --git a/v2v/input_libvirt.mli b/v2v/input_libvirt.mli index 08824bb67..7b486532b 100644 --- a/v2v/input_libvirt.mli +++ b/v2v/input_libvirt.mli @@ -19,6 +19,6 @@ (** [-i libvirt] source. *) val input_libvirt : string option -> string option -> [`VDDK of Input_libvirt_vddk.vddk_options] option -> string -> Types.input -(** [input_libvirt password libvirt_uri input_transport guest] +(** [input_libvirt input_password libvirt_uri input_transport guest] creates and returns a new {!Types.input} object specialized for reading input from libvirt sources. *) diff --git a/v2v/input_libvirt_other.ml b/v2v/input_libvirt_other.ml index 6ffca3e44..25714d2c3 100644 --- a/v2v/input_libvirt_other.ml +++ b/v2v/input_libvirt_other.ml @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ let error_if_libvirt_does_not_support_json_backingfile () = error (f_"because of libvirt bug https://bugzilla.redhat.com/1134878 you must EITHER upgrade to libvirt >= 2.1.0 OR set this environment variable:\n\nexport LIBGUESTFS_BACKEND=direct\n\nand then rerun the virt-v2v command.") (* Superclass. *) -class virtual input_libvirt (password : string option) libvirt_uri guest = +class virtual input_libvirt (input_password : string option) libvirt_uri guest = object inherit input @@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ end (* Subclass specialized for handling anything that's *not* VMware vCenter * or Xen. *) -class input_libvirt_other password libvirt_uri guest = +class input_libvirt_other input_password libvirt_uri guest = object - inherit input_libvirt password libvirt_uri guest + inherit input_libvirt input_password libvirt_uri guest method source () = debug "input_libvirt_other: source ()"; @@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ object (* Get the libvirt XML. This also checks (as a side-effect) * that the domain is not running. (RHBZ#1138586) *) - let xml = Libvirt_utils.dumpxml ?password ?conn:libvirt_uri guest in + let xml = Libvirt_utils.dumpxml ?password_file:input_password + ?conn:libvirt_uri guest in let source, disks = parse_libvirt_xml ?conn:libvirt_uri xml in let disks = List.map (fun { p_source_disk = disk } -> disk) disks in diff --git a/v2v/input_libvirt_vcenter_https.ml b/v2v/input_libvirt_vcenter_https.ml index e0c84ddfc..dfe3dcf96 100644 --- a/v2v/input_libvirt_vcenter_https.ml +++ b/v2v/input_libvirt_vcenter_https.ml @@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ let readahead_for_copying = Some (64 * 1024 * 1024) (* Subclass specialized for handling VMware vCenter over https. *) class input_libvirt_vcenter_https - password libvirt_uri parsed_uri server guest = + input_password libvirt_uri parsed_uri server guest = object - inherit input_libvirt password libvirt_uri guest + inherit input_libvirt input_password libvirt_uri guest val saved_source_paths = Hashtbl.create 13 val mutable dcPath = "" @@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ object (* Get the libvirt XML. This also checks (as a side-effect) * that the domain is not running. (RHBZ#1138586) *) - let xml = Libvirt_utils.dumpxml ?password ?conn:libvirt_uri guest in + let xml = Libvirt_utils.dumpxml ?password_file:input_password + ?conn:libvirt_uri guest in let source, disks = parse_libvirt_xml ?conn:libvirt_uri xml in (* Find the <vmware:datacenterpath> element from the XML. This @@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ object | { p_source_disk = disk; p_source = P_dont_rewrite } -> disk | { p_source_disk = disk; p_source = P_source_file path } -> let { VCenter.qemu_uri } = - VCenter.map_source ?readahead ?password + VCenter.map_source ?readahead ?password_file:input_password dcPath parsed_uri server path in (* The libvirt ESX driver doesn't normally specify a format, but @@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ object | Some orig_path -> let readahead = readahead_for_copying in let { VCenter.qemu_uri = backing_qemu_uri } = - VCenter.map_source ?readahead ?password + VCenter.map_source ?readahead ?password_file:input_password dcPath parsed_uri server orig_path in (* Rebase the qcow2 overlay to adjust the readahead parameter. *) diff --git a/v2v/input_libvirt_vddk.ml b/v2v/input_libvirt_vddk.ml index 0b3ed7af9..d0633d958 100644 --- a/v2v/input_libvirt_vddk.ml +++ b/v2v/input_libvirt_vddk.ml @@ -95,7 +95,8 @@ let parse_input_options options = options (* Subclass specialized for handling VMware via nbdkit vddk plugin. *) -class input_libvirt_vddk vddk_options password libvirt_uri parsed_uri guest = +class input_libvirt_vddk vddk_options input_password libvirt_uri parsed_uri + guest = (* The VDDK path. *) let libdir = try Some (List.assoc "libdir" vddk_options) @@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ See also \"INPUT FROM VDDK\" in the virt-v2v(1) manual.") libNN in object - inherit input_libvirt password libvirt_uri guest as super + inherit input_libvirt input_password libvirt_uri guest as super method precheck () = error_unless_vddk_libdir (); @@ -222,7 +223,8 @@ object (* Get the libvirt XML. This also checks (as a side-effect) * that the domain is not running. (RHBZ#1138586) *) - let xml = Libvirt_utils.dumpxml ?password ?conn:libvirt_uri guest in + let xml = Libvirt_utils.dumpxml ?password_file:input_password + ?conn:libvirt_uri guest in let source, disks = parse_libvirt_xml ?conn:libvirt_uri xml in (* Find the <vmware:moref> element from the XML. This was added @@ -239,15 +241,12 @@ object | None -> error (f_"<vmware:moref> was not found in the output of ‘virsh dumpxml \"%s\"’. The most likely reason is that libvirt is too old, try upgrading libvirt to ≥ 3.7.") guest in - (* Create a temporary directory where we place the sockets and - * password file. - *) + (* Create a temporary directory where we place the sockets. *) let tmpdir = let base_dir = (open_guestfs ())#get_cachedir () in let t = Mkdtemp.temp_dir ~base_dir "vddk." in (* tmpdir must be readable (but not writable) by "other" so that - * qemu can open the sockets. If we place a password file in - * this directory then we'll chmod that to 0600 below. + * qemu can open the sockets. *) chmod t 0o755; rmdir_on_exit t; @@ -299,17 +298,11 @@ object add_arg "vddk"; let password_param = - match password with + match input_password with | None -> (* nbdkit asks for the password interactively *) "password=-" - | Some password -> - let password_file = tmpdir // "password" in - with_open_out password_file ( - fun chan -> - fchmod (descr_of_out_channel chan) 0o600; - output_string chan password - ); + | Some password_file -> (* nbdkit reads the password from the file *) "password=+" ^ password_file in add_arg (sprintf "server=%s" server); diff --git a/v2v/input_libvirt_vddk.mli b/v2v/input_libvirt_vddk.mli index 1cebba506..ef975c280 100644 --- a/v2v/input_libvirt_vddk.mli +++ b/v2v/input_libvirt_vddk.mli @@ -26,6 +26,6 @@ val parse_input_options : (string * string) list -> vddk_options (** Print and parse vddk -io options. *) val input_libvirt_vddk : vddk_options -> string option -> string option -> Xml.uri -> string -> Types.input -(** [input_libvirt_vddk vddk_options password libvirt_uri parsed_uri guest] +(** [input_libvirt_vddk vddk_options input_password libvirt_uri parsed_uri guest] creates and returns a {!Types.input} object specialized for reading the guest disks using the nbdkit vddk plugin. *) diff --git a/v2v/input_libvirt_xen_ssh.ml b/v2v/input_libvirt_xen_ssh.ml index 22a58396c..2e769cd0b 100644 --- a/v2v/input_libvirt_xen_ssh.ml +++ b/v2v/input_libvirt_xen_ssh.ml @@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ open Input_libvirt_other open Printf (* Subclass specialized for handling Xen over SSH. *) -class input_libvirt_xen_ssh password libvirt_uri parsed_uri server guest = +class input_libvirt_xen_ssh input_password libvirt_uri parsed_uri server guest = object - inherit input_libvirt password libvirt_uri guest + inherit input_libvirt input_password libvirt_uri guest method precheck () = if backend_is_libvirt () then @@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ object (* Get the libvirt XML. This also checks (as a side-effect) * that the domain is not running. (RHBZ#1138586) *) - let xml = Libvirt_utils.dumpxml ?password ?conn:libvirt_uri guest in + let xml = Libvirt_utils.dumpxml ?password_file:input_password + ?conn:libvirt_uri guest in let source, disks = parse_libvirt_xml ?conn:libvirt_uri xml in (* Map the <source/> filename (which is relative to the remote diff --git a/v2v/libvirt_utils.ml b/v2v/libvirt_utils.ml index efedca811..1f5eb712a 100644 --- a/v2v/libvirt_utils.ml +++ b/v2v/libvirt_utils.ml @@ -16,10 +16,16 @@ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. *) +open Std_utils + (* This module implements various [virsh]-like commands, but with non-broken authentication handling. *) external dumpxml : ?password:string -> ?conn:string -> string -> string = "v2v_dumpxml" +let dumpxml ?password_file = + let password = Option.map read_first_line_from_file password_file in + dumpxml ?password + external pool_dumpxml : ?conn:string -> string -> string = "v2v_pool_dumpxml" external vol_dumpxml : ?conn:string -> string -> string -> string = "v2v_vol_dumpxml" diff --git a/v2v/libvirt_utils.mli b/v2v/libvirt_utils.mli index 63a0af3af..bb65a4283 100644 --- a/v2v/libvirt_utils.mli +++ b/v2v/libvirt_utils.mli @@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ password prompt to stdout, which is the same place we would be reading the XML from. This file works around this brokenness. *) -val dumpxml : ?password:string -> ?conn:string -> string -> string -(** [dumpxml ?password ?conn dom] returns the libvirt XML of domain [dom]. +val dumpxml : ?password_file:string -> ?conn:string -> string -> string +(** [dumpxml ?password_file ?conn dom] returns the libvirt XML of domain [dom]. The optional [?conn] parameter is the libvirt connection URI. [dom] may be a guest name or UUID. *) diff --git a/v2v/test-v2v-docs.sh b/v2v/test-v2v-docs.sh index e1e22b599..64dfe5492 100755 --- a/v2v/test-v2v-docs.sh +++ b/v2v/test-v2v-docs.sh @@ -27,8 +27,10 @@ $top_srcdir/podcheck.pl virt-v2v.pod virt-v2v \ --ic,\ --if,\ --io,\ +--ip,\ --it,\ --no-trim,\ +--password-file,\ --oa,\ --oc,\ --of,\ diff --git a/v2v/vCenter.ml b/v2v/vCenter.ml index ddb8076f4..e97d25ce1 100644 --- a/v2v/vCenter.ml +++ b/v2v/vCenter.ml @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ type remote_resource = { let source_re = PCRE.compile "^\\[(.*)\\] (.*)\\.vmdk$" let snapshot_re = PCRE.compile "^(.*)-\\d{6}(\\.vmdk)$" -let rec map_source ?readahead ?password dcPath uri server path = +let rec map_source ?readahead ?password_file dcPath uri server path = (* If no_verify=1 was passed in the libvirt URI, then we have to * turn off certificate verification here too. *) @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ let rec map_source ?readahead ?password dcPath uri server path = let https_url = get_https_url dcPath uri server path in (* Check the URL exists. *) let status, _, _ = - fetch_headers_from_url password uri sslverify https_url in + fetch_headers_from_url password_file uri sslverify https_url in (* If a disk is actually a snapshot image it will have '-00000n' * appended to its name, e.g.: * [yellow:storage1] RHEL4-X/RHEL4-X-000003.vmdk @@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ let rec map_source ?readahead ?password dcPath uri server path = *) https_url in - let session_cookie = get_session_cookie password uri sslverify https_url in + let session_cookie = + get_session_cookie password_file uri sslverify https_url in let qemu_uri = (* Construct the JSON parameters for the qemu URI. *) @@ -130,9 +131,9 @@ and get_https_url dcPath uri server path = (uri_quote path) (uri_quote dcPath) (uri_quote datastore) ) -and get_session_cookie password uri sslverify https_url = +and get_session_cookie password_file uri sslverify https_url = let status, headers, dump_response = - fetch_headers_from_url password uri sslverify https_url in + fetch_headers_from_url password_file uri sslverify https_url in if status = "401" then ( dump_response stderr; @@ -168,19 +169,20 @@ and get_session_cookie password uri sslverify https_url = loop headers (* Fetch the status and reply headers from a URL. *) -and fetch_headers_from_url password uri sslverify https_url = +and fetch_headers_from_url password_file uri sslverify https_url = let curl_args = ref [ "head", None; "silent", None; "url", Some https_url; ] in - (match uri.uri_user, password with + (match uri.uri_user, password_file with | None, None -> () | None, Some _ -> - warning (f_"--password-file parameter ignored because 'user@' was not given in the URL") + warning (f_"-ip PASSWORD_FILE parameter ignored because 'user@' was not given in the URL") | Some user, None -> List.push_back curl_args ("user", Some user) - | Some user, Some password -> + | Some user, Some password_file -> + let password = read_first_line_from_file password_file in List.push_back curl_args ("user", Some (user ^ ":" ^ password)) ); if not sslverify then List.push_back curl_args ("insecure", None); diff --git a/v2v/vCenter.mli b/v2v/vCenter.mli index dbca95ffd..fd1017aaf 100644 --- a/v2v/vCenter.mli +++ b/v2v/vCenter.mli @@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ type remote_resource = { (** The "remote resource" is the structure returned by the {!map_source} function. *) -val map_source : ?readahead:int -> ?password:string -> string -> Xml.uri -> string -> string -> remote_resource -(** [map_source ?readahead ?password dcPath uri server path] +val map_source : ?readahead:int -> ?password_file:string -> string -> Xml.uri -> string -> string -> remote_resource +(** [map_source ?readahead ?password_file dcPath uri server path] maps the [<source path=...>] string to a {!remote_resource} structure containing both an [https://] URL and a qemu URI, both pointing the guest disk. diff --git a/v2v/virt-v2v-copy-to-local.pod b/v2v/virt-v2v-copy-to-local.pod index e5a552349..e06391757 100644 --- a/v2v/virt-v2v-copy-to-local.pod +++ b/v2v/virt-v2v-copy-to-local.pod @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Display help. Specify a libvirt connection URI -=item B<--password-file> file +=item B<-ip> file Instead of asking for password(s) interactively, pass the password through a file. Note the file should contain the whole password, diff --git a/v2v/virt-v2v.pod b/v2v/virt-v2v.pod index b23fac5c8..251b4919f 100644 --- a/v2v/virt-v2v.pod +++ b/v2v/virt-v2v.pod @@ -440,6 +440,14 @@ When using VDDK mode, these options are passed unmodified to the L<nbdkit(1)> VDDK plugin. Please refer to L<nbdkit-vddk-plugin(1)>. These are all optional. +=item B<-ip> filename + +Supply a file containing a password to be used when connecting to the +target hypervisor. If this is omitted then the input hypervisor may +ask for the password interactively. Note the file should contain the +whole password, B<without any trailing newline>, and for security the +file should have mode C<0600> so that others cannot read it. + =item B<-it> B<ssh> When using I<-i vmx>, this enables the ssh transport. @@ -775,13 +783,6 @@ C<root>. You will get an error if virt-v2v is unable to mount/write to the Export Storage Domain. -=item B<--password-file> file - -Instead of asking for password(s) interactively, pass the password -through a file. Note the file should contain the whole password, -B<without any trailing newline>, and for security the file should have -mode C<0600> so that others cannot read it. - =item B<--print-source> Print information about the source guest and stop. This option is @@ -1291,8 +1292,8 @@ down). Note that you may be asked for the vCenter password I<twice>. This happens once because libvirt needs it, and a second time because -virt-v2v itself connects directly to the server. Use -I<--password-file> to supply a password via a file. +virt-v2v itself connects directly to the server. Use I<-ip> +F<filename> to supply a password via a file. In this case the output flags are set to write the converted guest to a temporary directory as this is just an example, but you can also -- 2.16.2