>From 4a9f9b534ebd18254a07ce1de22c5de570cfa2f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Shreyas Khare <shreyas_khare(a)rapid7.com&gt; Date: Mon, 23 Jul 2018 14:28:29 -0400 Subject: [PATCH] Re-allocating unused blocks before assigning new blocks

--- lib/hivex-internal.h | 8 +++ lib/write.c | 146 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------ 2 files changed, 134 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-) diff --git a/lib/hivex-internal.h b/lib/hivex-internal.h index a22e732..e7f5e92 100644 --- a/lib/hivex-internal.h +++ b/lib/hivex-internal.h @@ -45,6 +45,13 @@ typedef enum { nr_recode_types, } recode_type; +typedef struct unallocated_block { + size_t offset; + size_t block_size; + struct unallocated_block *next; +} unallocated_block;

struct hive_h { char *filename; int fd; @@ -52,6 +59,7 @@ struct hive_h { int msglvl; /* 1 = verbose, 2 or 3 = debug */ int writable; int unsafe; + unallocated_block *free_blocks; /* Registry file, memory mapped if read-only, or malloc'd if writing. */ union { diff --git a/lib/write.c b/lib/write.c index 70105c9..b72e2c8 100644 --- a/lib/write.c +++ b/lib/write.c @@ -126,6 +126,97 @@ allocate_page (hive_h *h, size_t allocation_hint) return offset + sizeof (struct ntreg_hbin_page); } +/* + * Get the first available unused block from free_blocks, using first-fit algorithm. + * NB: Attempted to use the best-fit algorithm. This does not work too well because + * allocating a block in the smallest possible available block causes fragmentation. + */

+static size_t +get_unused_block(hive_h *h, size_t seglen) +{ + unallocated_block *before = NULL, *found=NULL;

+ for (unallocated_block *current = h->free_blocks; current != NULL ; current = current->next) {

+ if (current->block_size >= seglen) { + found = current; + break; + } + before = current; + } + if (found) { + size_t offset = found->offset; + size_t unused = found->block_size - seglen;

+ if (unused > 0) { + // Need to write unused memory to hive (to preserve hiv integrity)

+ struct ntreg_hbin_block *blockhdr = (struct ntreg_hbin_block *) ((char *) h->addr + found->offset + seglen); + blockhdr->seg_len = htole32 ((int32_t) unused); + // Lets move and resize the found block + found->offset = found->offset+seglen; + found->block_size = unused;

+ } else { + //Full buffer was used

+ if (before) { + before->next = found->next; + } else { + h->free_blocks = found->next; + } + free(found);

+ } + return offset; + } else return -1;

+} + +/* + * Add freed block to free_blocks. Block size is determined by size at the actual offset. + * This list is ordered by offset. If the free'd block is preceded or succeded + * by another free block, they are merged. + */ +static void +set_unused_block(hive_h *h, size_t offset) +{ + size_t seg_len = block_len (h, offset, NULL); + unallocated_block *current = malloc(sizeof(unallocated_block)); + current->offset = offset; + current->block_size = seg_len; + current->next = NULL; + + unallocated_block *before = NULL, *after = NULL; + // There are no free blocks + if (h->free_blocks == NULL) { + h->free_blocks = current; + return; + } + + // Find the first block _after_ this one + for (after = h->free_blocks; after != NULL; after = after->next) { + if (after->offset > current->offset) { + // Can we merge with the next block? + if (current->offset + current->block_size == after->offset) { + current->block_size += after->block_size; + current->next = after->next; + free(after); + } else { + current->next = after; + } + break; + } + before = after; + } + // This was the block before this one + if (before) { + // Can we merge with the previous block? + if (before->offset + before->block_size == current->offset) { + before->block_size += current->block_size; + before->next = current->next; + free(current); //discard current block, lets reuse before block + } else { + before->next = current; + } + } else { + h->free_blocks = current; + } +} + + /* Allocate a single block, first allocating an hbin (page) at the end * of the current file if necessary. NB. To keep the implementation * simple and more likely to be correct, we do not reuse existing free @@ -148,6 +239,9 @@ allocate_page (hive_h *h, size_t allocation_hint) static size_t allocate_block (hive_h *h, size_t seg_len, const char id[2]) { + bool new_block = true; + size_t offset; + CHECK_WRITABLE (0); if (seg_len < 4) { @@ -170,17 +264,26 @@ allocate_block (hive_h *h, size_t seg_len, const char id[2]) */ seg_len = (seg_len + 7) & ~7; - /* Allocate a new page if necessary. */ - if (h->endblocks == 0 || h->endblocks + seg_len > h->endpages) { - size_t newendblocks = allocate_page (h, seg_len); - if (newendblocks == 0) - return 0; - h->endblocks = newendblocks; + // Attempt to find a free block before getting a new block + offset = get_unused_block(h, seg_len); + if (offset != -1) { + new_block = false; + DEBUG(2, "Re-use offset found at 0x%zx, size %zu", offset, seg_len); } - size_t offset = h->endblocks; + if (new_block) { + /* Allocate a new page if necessary. */ + if (h->endblocks == 0 || h->endblocks + seg_len > h->endpages) { + if(h->endblocks != 0) set_unused_block(h, h->endblocks); + size_t newendblocks = allocate_page (h, seg_len); + if (newendblocks == 0) + return 0; + h->endblocks = newendblocks; + } - DEBUG (2, "new block at 0x%zx, size %zu", offset, seg_len); + offset = h->endblocks; + DEBUG (2, "new block at 0x%zx, size %zu", offset, seg_len); + } struct ntreg_hbin_block *blockhdr = (struct ntreg_hbin_block *) ((char *) h->addr + offset); @@ -195,21 +298,23 @@ allocate_block (hive_h *h, size_t seg_len, const char id[2]) BITMAP_SET (h->bitmap, offset); - h->endblocks += seg_len; + if (new_block) { + h->endblocks += seg_len; - /* If there is space after the last block in the last page, then we - * have to put a dummy free block header here to mark the rest of - * the page as free. - */ - ssize_t rem = h->endpages - h->endblocks; - if (rem > 0) { - DEBUG (2, "marking remainder of page free" - " starting at 0x%zx, size %zd", h->endblocks, rem); + /* If there is space after the last block in the last page, then we + * have to put a dummy free block header here to mark the rest of + * the page as free. + */ + ssize_t rem = h->endpages - h->endblocks; + if (rem > 0) { + DEBUG (2, "marking remainder of page free" + " starting at 0x%zx, size %zd", h->endblocks, rem); - assert (rem >= 4); + assert (rem >= 4); - blockhdr = (struct ntreg_hbin_block *) ((char *) h->addr + h->endblocks); - blockhdr->seg_len = htole32 ((int32_t) rem); + blockhdr = (struct ntreg_hbin_block *) ((char *) h->addr + h->endblocks); + blockhdr->seg_len = htole32 ((int32_t) rem); + }

} return offset; @@ -236,6 +341,7 @@ mark_block_unused (hive_h *h, size_t offset) size_t seg_len = block_len (h, offset, NULL); blockhdr->seg_len = htole32 (seg_len); + set_unused_block(h, offset); BITMAP_CLR (h->bitmap, offset); } -- 2.17.0

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